Types of trauma: an overview

Trauma takes many forms

There are different types of trauma, each with its own characteristics and consequences.

Article

Trauma is a broad and complex concept that refers to the emotional and psychological reactions to shocking or disturbing events. There are different types of trauma, each with its own characteristics and consequences. We cover the most common types of trauma on this page.

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CONTENT
READING TIME 7 MINUTES

• Acute Trauma

  What is acute trauma? Acute trauma results from a single, unexpected event that is highly stressful or shocking. Examples of acute trauma include natural disasters, serious accidents, physical attacks or the sudden loss of a loved one.

  Characteristics of acute trauma:

  • Severe emotional reactions such as fear, sadness or anger

  • Flashbacks and nightmares about the event

  • Avoidance behaviors, such as avoiding places or situations reminiscent of the trauma

  • Physical symptoms such as increased heart rate, sweating and trembling

• Chronic Trauma

  What is chronic trauma? Chronic trauma results from prolonged or repeated exposure to stressful or traumatic situations. This type of trauma often occurs in people who are exposed to long-term abuse, neglect, domestic violence or war conditions.

  Characteristics of chronic trauma:

  • Prolonged anxiety and stress

  • Feelings of helplessness and despair

  • Difficulty forming and maintaining healthy relationships

  • Physical and emotional exhaustion

  Want to know more about what exactly trauma is? Read more here.
  

• Complex Trauma

  What is complex trauma?

  • Complex trauma refers to exposure to multiple traumatic events, often of an invasive, interpersonal nature. This type of trauma usually results from prolonged exposure to abuse or neglect, often beginning in childhood.

  Characteristics of complex trauma:

  • Deep-seated feelings of shame, guilt and worthlessness

  • Difficulty regulating emotions and behavior

  • Problems with trust and close relationships

  • Dissociative symptoms, such as feeling disconnected from self or reality
    

• Secondary Trauma

  What is secondary trauma?

  • Secondary trauma, also known as vicarious trauma, occurs when a person is indirectly affected by the trauma of others. This is common among social workers, such as therapists, doctors, police officers and other professionals who regularly confront the traumatic experiences of their clients or patients.

  Characteristics of secondary trauma:

  • Emotional exhaustion and compassion fatigue

  • Increased anxiety and stress

  • Difficulty concentrating and functioning at work

  • Overwhelming feelings of sadness or anger over the pain of others

  Want to know more about the symptoms of trauma? Read more here.

• Developmental trauma

  What is developmental trauma

  • Developmental trauma, also known as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), refers to traumatic events that occur during childhood and adolescence. These can include physical, emotional or sexual abuse, neglect and growing up in an unstable environment.

  Characteristics of developmental trauma:

  • Long-term emotional and behavioral problems

  • Difficulty with learning and school performance

  • Attachment problems and difficulties in social relationships

  • Increased risk of mental disorders such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

• Vicarious Trauma

  What is vicarious trauma?

  • Vicarious trauma occurs when a person's work regularly exposes them to the traumatic experiences of others. It is often seen in social workers such as therapists, doctors and rescue workers.

  Characteristics of vicarious trauma:

  • Changes in worldview and beliefs

  • Feelings of hopelessness and insecurity

  • Difficulty with empathy and compassion

  • Emotional and physical exhaustion
    

"Trauma comes in many forms and can have different consequences for those who experience it. It is important to recognize and understand the different types of trauma so that appropriate support and treatment can be provided. "

Help with trauma

Trauma comes in many forms and can have different consequences for those who experience it. It is important to recognize and understand the different types of trauma so that appropriate support and treatment can be provided. At Montgó Lifestyle, we are ready to support you with expert advice and resources to facilitate your recovery process. Do you have questions about trauma or recognize symptoms in yourself or another person? If so, please contact us without obligation.

More information on the treatment of trauma read here.

Looking for help?

At Montgó Lifestyle, we believe in the power of personal attention and customised recovery programs. Whether you seek in-depth support, are interested in our unique approach, or simply want to learn more about how we can help you or your loved ones - our team is ready to welcome you.

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